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Causal Agent: 

Tospovirus  (Watermelon silver mottle virus or WSMoV; Tomato spotted wilt virus or TSWV)

Characteristic Symptoms:
 
Symptoms may vary depending on the virus strain, variety and plant age at infection.
 
 Leaves of WSMoV infected pepper plants have chlorotic flecks or ring-like pattern
 
TSWV infected pepper plants show necrotic ring spots on leaves and stem and leaf distortion.
 
Plants infected at very young age are usually stunted and unproductive.
 
Transmission and Spread:
 
The virus is transmitted in nature by thrips in a persistent (propagative) manner (vector can acquire and transmit the virus after feeding for several minutes to hours; virus replicates inside the vector).
   
Young thrips (larval stage) acquire the virus and adult thrips spread the virus from plant to plant during feeding.
   
The virus is not seed-transmitted.
   
Management and Control:
 
Use resistant varieties, if available.
   
Use virus-free seedlings.
   
Remove infected plants as early as virus symptoms are observed to prevent/minimize spread of the virus by thrips.
   
Remove crop debris, weeds and other sources of thrips after the cropping season.
   
Plowing and harrowing may help reduce vector population in the soil.
   
Control/minimize thrips population by using plastic mulch, blue sticky traps and/or use of insecticides such as spinosad (e.g. SuccessⓇ, EntrustⓇ), deltamethrin (e.g. Decis®, DecideⓇ, ScoutⓇ, Agro DeltametrinⓇ), acephate (e.g. Acetam®, BlackhawkⓇ) or dimethoate (e.g. Perfecthion®), fenitrothion (e.g. Sumithion 50Ⓡ)., profenofos (e.g. Selecron) and acephate (e.g. Acetam, Compete).
   

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